History and Origins of Development Establishment Monas [National Monument] - Menomen is located right in the city center of Jakarta. Monas is a monument of national pride Indonesia, besides Monas also become a center of tourist and educational center of interest for the citizens of both in Jakarta Indonesa and outside Jakarta. The development objective the Monas monument is to commemorate and perpetuate the greatness of the struggle of Indonesian nation known as the Revolution of August 17, 1945, and also as a vehicle to raise the spirit of patriotism current and future generations.
Monas was built in August 1959. The entire building was designed by architects Monas Indonesia is Sudarsono, Frederich Silaban and Ir. Rooseno. On August 17, 1961, monument was inaugurated by President Soekarno. And was opened to the public since July 12, 1975.
Monas has its own characteristics, because the architecture and dimensions symbolize figurative specificity Indonesia. Forms of the most prominent is the towering monument and the court of the cup spacious flat. On top of the monument there is a fire burning as unflagging, symbolizing exemplary spirit of the Indonesian people who never subsided fight of all time.
The design and layout is very interesting monument allows visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery and cool dazzling, in the form of a garden where there are trees of various provinces in Indonesia. Fountain right in the entrance hall to make the park become cooler, coupled with the charm of a fountain sway.
Near the entrance to the court was also visible monument stands majestic statue of Prince Diponegoro who was riding a horse. The statue is made of bronze weighing 8 tons were carried by Italian sculptor, Prof Coberlato as a contribution by the Consulate General Honores, Dr. Mario in Indonesia.
Development idea Monas
The initial idea Monas development emerged after nine years of independence was proclaimed. A few days after peringatah Anniversary 9 RI, Committee for the National Monument in charge seek the establishment of the National Monument. The committee is led Sarwoko Martokusumo, S Suhud as writer, Sumali Prawirosudirdjo as treasurer and assisted by four members each Supeno, K K Wiloto, E F Wenas, and Sudiro.
The committee that was formed was tasked to prepare everything related to the construction of the monument will be erected in the middle of the field Merdeka, Jakarta. Including collecting construction costs that must be collected from non-government itself.
After that, the building committee was formed Monas named "Yuri Team" headed by President Ir Soekarno. Through these teams, a contest is held twice. The first contest was held on February 17, 1955, and the second competition was held May 10, 1960 with the hope of producing works of the highest culture and describe the heart and symbolize the nobility of Indonesian culture.
With the contest, is expected to form a monument built could really show the personality of the nation Indonesia the three-dimensional, not flat, obelisk that towered into the sky, made of concrete and iron, and marble earthquake resistant, resistant criticism era least a thousand years and can be produce cultural works that raises the spirit of heroism.
By Tim Yuri, a message of hope was used as criteria to assess which are then broken down into five criteria include the need to comply with the so-called National, describes the dynamics and unbiased personality Indonesia and reflects the ideals of the nation, symbolized and described the "blazing fire" in the chest Indonesian nation, describing the actual moving though composed of inanimate objects, and the monument to be built from objects that do not rapidly change and lasting centuries.
However, twice competition was held, no design that meets all the criteria set by the committee. Finally, the Team Leader Yuri pointed to several renowned architects namely Sudarsono and Ir F Silaban to draw a plan of the monument Monas. Both architects were agreed to make the picture alone which further submitted to the Team Leader Yuri (the President), and the chairman of the select images created Soedarsono.
In design, the Sudarsono argued premise accommodate the desires of the committee. Rationale include national criteria. Sudarsono take some time elements of the Proclamation of Independence that embodies the national revolution as far as possible apply them to the architectural dimension that is a 17, 8, and 45 as a sacred number Proclamation Day.
Shape towering monument contains the philosophy of "Lingga and Yoni" which resembles "Alu" as "phallus" and the shape of the container (cup-red) in the form of the room resembles a "Mortar" as "Yoni". Alu and Mortar are two important tools that each family in Indonesia, especially the rural people. Lingga and Yoni is the symbol of antiquity depicting the eternal life, is a positive element (phallus) and negative elements (yoni) as the day and night, male and female, good and bad, is the eternity of the world.
Form all lines of the architecture of this monument embodies the lines that move is not monotonous uneven, curving climb, jump, more equitable, and climbed the towering, finally menggelombang on a form of flames burning. Agency towering obelisk topped with a flame symbolizes and illustrates the zeal and unflagging inside the chest of the Indonesian nation.
Monas Development Process
Monas monument construction is carried out through three stages, namely the first stage (1961-1965), the second (1966-1968), and the third phase (1969-1976). In the first phase of implementation of the work under the supervision of the National Committee for Monuments and costs used is sourced from public donations.
The second stage of its work is performed under the supervision of the committee Monas. However, the cost of construction comes from Central Government Budget c.q State Secretary RI. In this second phase, the construction experienced a decline, due to limited funds.
The third phase of work under the supervision of the implementation of the Committee of the National Monument, and charges are obtained from the Central Government through the Directorate General of Budget c.q Repelita using Entry List Project (DIP).
Space History Museum
Space history museum located three meters below the surface of the monument yard has a size of 80x80 meters. Walls and floors in the room it was all covered in marble. Inside the room, visitors are presented with a window 51 demonstration (diorama) that preserves the history to the life of the ancestors of Indonesia, the struggle for the independence and sovereignty of Indonesia until the era of development in the new order. In this same room, visitors can also hear the recorded voice read out the Proclamation Bung Karno.
space Independence
While in the room for independence shaped amphitheater located in the cup monument, there are four attributes of independence includes the islands maps RI, State Emblem of Unity in Diversity, and the entrance gate containing the manuscript Proclamation of Independence.
In the courtyard top of the monument is situated at an altitude of 115 meters from the monument yard has a size of 11x11 meters, visitors can reach the court by using the elevator (lift-red) single capacity of about 11 people.
In the courtyard that can accommodate about 50 people were also provided four binoculars on every corner, where visitors can see the sights of Jakarta from a height of 132 meters from Monas monument page.
The flames made of bronze weighing 14.5 tons with a height of 14 meters and a diameter of 6 meters, consists of 77 sections joined together. The whole flame coated with 35 kilograms gold plate, and then on the 50th anniversary of RI, gold lining flames increased to 50 kilograms.
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